F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby Essay - 1013 Words

Wealth, Love, and the American Dream nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;It has been said that F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby is about the pursuit of the American dream. It has also been said that the novel is about love, ambition, and obsession. Perhaps both are true. Combined, these themes may be understood in their most basic forms among the relationships within the novel. After all, each character’s reason for belonging to a relationship speaks very strongly of what really makes him tick; each character’s manifestation of his own desires is found within his lover. Throughout the novel, what universally unites each character beyond anything else is the love of a dream or position and involvement in relationships for the success of†¦show more content†¦Nick notes that quot;It was hard to realize that a man of [his] own generationquot; is quite as wealthy as Tom really is (Fitzgerald 10). After all, Daisy married for money instead of love. It’s made clear that she loves Gatsby far more than she loves Tom, but grew tired of waiting before she finally decided to marry Tom. By the night before her wedding, it was too late for her to change her mind. quot;She groped around in a waste-basket she had with her on her bed and pulled out the string of pearls. ‘Take ‘em downstairs and give ‘em back to whoever they belong to. Tell ‘em all Daisy’s change her mine. Say ‘Daisy’s change’ her mine!’quot; (Fitzgerald 81). Her pathetic, drunken attempt to break a commitment by returning a gift is too little too late; Daisy’s desire to remain rich through union to Tom could not counter-act her love for Gatsby. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Tom Buchanan isn’t satisfied in his beautiful Daisy, the object of another man’s dream. Tom describes him as being victim of a permanent anti-climax, the result of the echo of a forgotten football game long ago. Perhaps this is why he has decided to take on a mistress. His lover, Myrtle Wilson, is also in a state of discontent. She doesn’t think much of her husband, George. quot;’I married him because I thought he was a gentleman,’ she said finally. ‘I thought he knew something about breeding but he wasn’t fit to lick my shoe’quot; (Fitzgerald 39). George Wilson may not be a very interesting guy;Show MoreRelatedF. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby937 Words   |  4 PagesThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald tells the tragic story of two star-crossed lovers. Fitzgerald uses the Roaring Twenties as the setting of this novel. The twenties were a time of promiscuity, new money, and a significant amount o f illegal alcohol. Fitzgerald was a master of his craft and there was often more to the story than just the basic plot. He could intertwine political messages and a gripping story flawlessly. In the case of The Great Gatsby, he not only chronicles a love story, butRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby885 Words   |  3 Pagesmany people throughout history. Although the dream has its own distinct aspects throughout different time periods, it predominantly focuses on the foundations of wealth, success and a desire for something greater. In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s fiction novel, The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby, the protagonist, is primarily known for the numerous lavish parties he throws each weekend at his ostentatious mansion in West Egg in an attempt to reunite with Daisy Buchanan, a woman he falls in love with prior to enteringRead More F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby Essay1211 Words   |  5 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald’s Portrayal of the Twenties F. Scott Fitzgerald was accurate in his portrayal of the aristocratic flamboyancy and indifference of the 1920s. In his novel, The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald explores many aspects of indifference and flamboyancy. A large influence on this society was the pursuit of the American Dream. Gangsters played a heavily influential role in the new money aristocracy of the 1920s. The indifference was mainly due to the advent of Prohibition in 1920. One majorRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby Essay913 Words   |  4 Pages The Great Gatsby was written by F. Scott Fitzgerald. â€Å"In the years immediately after the completion of The Great Gatsby Fitzgerald was unable to provide his art with any such endorsement† (Collins). Fitzgerald was unable to get his book published because of insufficient funds. According to Harris, â€Å"F Scott Fitzgerald wrote his greatest novel in France in 1924, having exiled himself in order to get some work done† (Harris). The best novel Fitzgerald has written he wrote when he was in France. AccordingRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby Essay998 Words   |  4 PagesF. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby â€Å"So The Great Gatsby house at West Egg glittered with all the lights of the twenties, there were was always Gatsby’s supplicating hand, reaching out to make glamour with what he had lost be cruel chance...of how little Gatsby wanted at bottom-not to understand society, but to ape it†(21-22). The Great Gatsby by F.Read MoreA Review of F Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby851 Words   |  3 PagesThe Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald created a modern masterpiece in his work The Great Gatsby, despite the novels earl ill reception. The work is a complex piece which tries to make sense of a strange concept of modernity within a classical sense of history. In the work, Fitzgerald illustrates the importance of allusion in the creation of character building, but also as a way for Fitzgerald to stray away from previous literary techniques and create motifs and themes that were entirely his ownRead More F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby Essay1411 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby The greatness of an individual can be defined in terms far beyond tangible accomplishments. In F. Scott Fitzgeralds classic American novel, The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsbys greatness comes from his need to experience success and his will to achieve his dreams. Nick Carraway narrates the story, and his cousin, Daisy Buchanan, is Gatsbys love. Daisy, however, is married to Tom Buchanan, a wealthy, arrogant womanizer who despises Gatsby. Gatsby feels theRead MoreEssay on F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby968 Words   |  4 Pages The 1920s was a time of excess and growth. Economically, it was a time for great financial gain. Largely because of improvements in technology, productivity increased while overall production costs decreased, and the economy grew. Not only was this time filled with prosperity, but corruption as well. People who had previously worked day and night finally acquired leisure time. Some of the most wealthy people made the choice to fill this free time with gluttony and lust. Many authorsRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby Essay1009 Words   |  5 Pages In the novel, The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, many of the characters live in an illusory world and only some can see past this. In the novel, West Egg and its residents represent the newly rich, while East Egg represents the old aristocracy. Gatsby seeking the past, Daisy is obsessed with material things, Myrtle wanting Tom to escape her poverty, George believing that T.J. Eckleburg is God, and Tom believing he is untouchable because of his power and wealth are all examples of the illusionRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby954 Words   |  4 PagesJay Gatsby. Gatsby lives in a mansion and has extravagant parties every Saturday. Gatsby’s real name is James Gatz and he was born at a farm in North Dakota. He went to St. Olaf’s University but dropped out two weeks later do to the humiliation of being a janitor. One day he was fishing at Lake Superior and he saw a yacht owned by Dan Cody. He rowed towards the yacht to warn Dan about an approaching storm. Dan was very grateful and took Jay on board. There, Jay introduced himself as Jay Gatsby. Since

Swot analysis Essay - 810 Words

Swot analysis Marketing Swot analysis focuses on the internal and external environment of our business, examining strengths and weaknesses in the internal environment and opportunities and threats in the external environment. Swot Analysis is a very effective way of identifying our strengths and weaknesses, and of examining the opportunities and threats we face. Swot analysis looks at the factors which affects the success or failure of our business. Our company’s strengths includes the following * We have a well motivated workforce. * Well and good established types of products. * Our young enterprise group has a strong sales force. * Some students in my group have past sales experience. * We can also†¦show more content†¦* We could expand or extend. * Our local competitors could have poor or lower quality products than ours. * We could seek better supplier deals. * Our competitors may be slow to adopt new technologies. * We could also change our consumers taste. The treats against our company includes the following * Competition is the biggest threat facing our young enterprise group, a company producing similar products as ours is Claire’s accessories in which they sell gift products, fashion accessories like ladies hand bags, head bands, jewelleries. Etc. this store is located at Romford market. * Change in consumers taste, this may make consumers stop buying our products. * Change or reduction in population of students PESTEL analysis is used to scan the political, economic, social, technological environment within which the company operates in order to identify changes in trends. This might include change in fashion of students, new type of products and services, change in life style. Identifying PESTEL is a useful way of summarising the external environment in which our business operates. Political factor affecting the young enterprise business The government affects our business locally since we will not be exporting our products outside UK we would only be affected locally. We would need to collect local permission fromShow MoreRelatedSwot Analysis Of Swot And Swot Analysis738 Words   |  3 Pagesknown as SWOT analysis. The SWOT analysis is business analysis method that business can use for each of its department when deciding on the most perfect way to increase their business and future growth. This procedure identifies the internal and external strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that are in the markets. SWOT analysis helps you decide your position against your competitors, identifies best future opportunities, and highlight current and future threats. SWOT analysis is an acronymRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Swot Analysis : Swot1223 Words   |  5 PagesOnStar – SWOT Analysis To help OnStar determine if home monitoring services should be added to its list of products and services, a SWOT analysis should be completed. A SWOT analysis is a situation analysis or tool used to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of an organization (SWOT Analysis Definition | Investopedia, 2005). Thus, it is a basic straightforward model that determines what an organization, like OnStar, can and cannot do, as well as determines its opportunitiesRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Swot Analysis : Swot911 Words   |  4 Pages SWOT Analysis In the article â€Å"SWOT analysis† Harmon (2015) offered a definition for SWOT analysis, the purpose of the SWOT analysis, the advantages of performing a SWOT analysis, and outlined and discussed the four components of the SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis is a planning and brainstorming tool that helps people evaluate an idea or project for a business or formulate a business plan (Harmon, 2015). It should be noted that SWOT analysis is an acronym for Strengths, Weaknesses, OpportunitiesRead MoreSwot Analysis : Swot And Swot1081 Words   |  5 PagesSWOT Analysis: A SWOT analysis (SWOT matrix) first used by Stanford Research Institute during 1960-1970 and it was presented by Mr. Albert S. Humphrey a American business and management consultant by using data from fortune 500 companies. We can succeed in our life if we use our talents to our full extent. Similarly, we‘ll have some problems if we know our weakness are, and if we manage these weaknesses so that we don’t matter in the work we do. To understand more about our self and our externalRead MoreSwot Analysis : A Swot1708 Words   |  7 Pages A SWOT analysis is â€Å"a structured planning method used to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats involved in a project or in a business venture.†(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT analysis, 03/11/14). A swot analysis can also be used to examine a person’s attributes. The strengths and weaknesses usually are internal factors whereas threats and opportunities are mainly external. Advantage Disadvantage Internal Strengths 1. Self-motivated 2. I am organised; accurate and pay attentionRead MoreSwot Analysis : Swot And Swot2320 Words   |  10 PagesSWOT analysis focuses on the internal factors which are the company’s strengths and weaknesses as well as the external factors which are the opportunities and threats which are gained from situational analysis, which focuses on summarizing all the pertinent information acquired about the key three environments of internal, customer, and external (Ferrell Hartline, 2014, p. 39). A SWOT analysis further gives a company precise advantages and disadvantages in satisfying the needs of its selectedRead MoreSwot Analysis : A Swot852 Words   |  4 PagesStrength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, commonly known as a SWOT analysis is used by businesses. Organizations use the SWOT analysis technique to figure out and understand their areas of strong suits (strengths), their inevitable flaws (weaknesses), prospects that the organization could look into (opportunities) a nd things that pose as intimidations to the organization (threats). There are many obstacles to overcome when it comes to international expansion. Obstacles such as; language andRead MoreSwot Analysis : Swot And Swot1957 Words   |  8 PagesSWOT analysis focuses on the internal factors which are the company’s strengths and weaknesses as well as the external factors which are the opportunities and threats which are gained from situational analysis which focuses on summarizing all the pertinent information acquired about the key three environments of internal, customer, and external (Ferrell Hartline, 2014, p. 39). A SWOT analysis further gives a company precise advantages and disadvantages in satisfying the needs of its selected marketsRead MoreSwot Analysis : The Swot1215 Words   |  5 PagesThe SWOT analysis was originally introduced by Andrews Christiansen, Guth and Learned in 1969 and its basic organizing principles have remained largely unchanged in the field of str ategic management. [BADEN-FULLER, C. H. A. R. L. E. S., STOPFORD, J. (2002). The Firm Matters More than the Industry. Strategy for Business: A Reader, 123.] It is a systematic framework which helps managers to develop their business strategies by appraising their internal and external determinants of their organization’sRead MoreSwot Analysis : The Swot1888 Words   |  8 PagesThe SWOT analysis, a strategic planning tool was developed by Albert Humphrey in the 1960’s and 1970’s. Albert is said to have come up with this strategic planning tool through the use of data the Fortune 500 companies in the United States of America at that time (Lancaster Massingham, 2011). A SWOT analysis determines the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, which are a relevant part of any organization especially the ones that get involved in new ventures. This tool assists the users

Introduction For A Gun Control Essay Example For Students

Introduction For A Gun Control Essay When our fore fathers first came onto this land, they wereoppressed by their rulers. The educated men decided to stage a revoltagainst their government and start up a new government, with a set ofrules, laws and rights. The revolt ended with bloodshed, yet the forefathers had risen to victory with the help of firearms. Following therevolt the fore fathers decided to compose a bill stating the basic rightsthat every man in the country could contain. There were ten of these basicrights, among them were the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit ofhappiness, the right of free speech, and most importantly, the right tookeep and bear arms in order to protect their families, gather food, andpreserve their rights from all threats. However, in our recent times ofincreased violence, many believe keeping guns available is detrimental toour society, and the only solution is to abolish the right to keep and beararms. However, there is no possible way to justify removing an amendmentthat has bee n around for many years. Those that support gun control defineit as a way to better our society, however those that oppose it define guncontrol as the infringement of their rights. The opposition declares that that the Second Amendment was neverintended as a gun license for the American general public. The amendmentread, as it was originally drafted, does not grant any blanket right to owna gun nor does it stand in the way of rational, effective guncontrol(Crooker). The current anti-gun promoters cry out that if guns wereoutlawed, then the violent crime rate would drop dramatically. Yet, acriminal with a desire to attain a gun would still be able to obtain one,because most violent criminals buy guns 2from black market dealers. The crime rate does not result from theavailability of firearms but from the lack of respect in todays societyfor other peoples lives and property (Crooker). Making guns illegal will have the same affect as de-legalizingnarcotics and alcohol; absolutely nothing. Individuals that want theseitems can still obtain them without any trouble. In the March 1994 issue ofthe Atlantic Monthly, writer Daniel Polsby wrote: During the 1960s and1970s the robbery rate in the United States increased six fold, and themurder rate doubled; the rate of handgun ownership nearly doubled in thatperiod as well. Handguns and criminal violence grew together apace(Polsby)This statement has now become the battle cry of the anti-gun lobbyist;increased gun ownership goes hand in hand with increased violence. Ofcourse it is easy for these lobbyists to count the bodies of those who havebeen killed or wounded with guns, but its not easy for them to count thepeople who have avoided harm because they had access to weapons. Uniformedpolice officers carry handguns in plain view not in order to kill people,but simply to daunt potential attackers. Though officers can expect to drawtheir guns from time to time, few even in big-city departments willactually fire a shot (except in target practice) in the course of a year(Nagel). This observation points to an important truth: people who arearmed make comparatively unattractive victims. A criminal might not know ifany one civilian is armed, but if it becomes known that a larger number ofcivilians do carry weapons, criminals will become warier. On the otherhand, criminals which are known to attack people most likely could not getaccess to guns under strong anti-gun provisions (Patterson). This may betrue but statistics do show that most criminals that perform these kinds ofcrimes do not use guns, but knives, bludgeoning weapons, or a fake gun inorder to gain what they want. The average Joe on the street 3could not carry such a weapon in order to protect themselves, and so wouldfall easy target to criminals. .u92289d7e9d585cf04fde1763e1e9e2b5 , .u92289d7e9d585cf04fde1763e1e9e2b5 .postImageUrl , .u92289d7e9d585cf04fde1763e1e9e2b5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u92289d7e9d585cf04fde1763e1e9e2b5 , .u92289d7e9d585cf04fde1763e1e9e2b5:hover , .u92289d7e9d585cf04fde1763e1e9e2b5:visited , .u92289d7e9d585cf04fde1763e1e9e2b5:active { border:0!important; } .u92289d7e9d585cf04fde1763e1e9e2b5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u92289d7e9d585cf04fde1763e1e9e2b5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u92289d7e9d585cf04fde1763e1e9e2b5:active , .u92289d7e9d585cf04fde1763e1e9e2b5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u92289d7e9d585cf04fde1763e1e9e2b5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u92289d7e9d585cf04fde1763e1e9e2b5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u92289d7e9d585cf04fde1763e1e9e2b5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u92289d7e9d585cf04fde1763e1e9e2b5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u92289d7e9d585cf04fde1763e1e9e2b5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u92289d7e9d585cf04fde1763e1e9e2b5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u92289d7e9d585cf04fde1763e1e9e2b5 .u92289d7e9d585cf04fde1763e1e9e2b5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u92289d7e9d585cf04fde1763e1e9e2b5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: College Sports Gambling Essay Rational gun control requires understanding not only the relationshipbetween weapons and violence but also the relationship between laws andpeoples behavior. The purpose of a law and its likely effects are notalways the same thing. Also remember that guns are a major economic tradeitem. Without the manufacture, distribution, and trade of firearms,thousands of jobs would be lost (Patterson). If guns were illegal to own,that would ultimately mean that sports hunting would be outlawed. Thiswould put thousands of gamewardens, and employees of the Department of Fish and Game out of work. Taxidermy services would be obsolete, for there would be no animals toprovide these services to, not to mention the environmental impacts. Without sports hunting, game populations would skyrocket. There is not manyhabitats for wild game to live on, which causes over population,starvation, and disease, which without sports hunting would cause majordeclines in animal populations (nagel). Eliminating guns would not solve any problems in this society, it mayactually end up causing more in problems than what it solves. Strong gun control is a bad idea, and those who say otherwise are foolingthemselves by not looking at the big picture 4 Works Cited

Tqm free essay sample

The quality sce-nario , therefore, differs from one national setting to the other. The nations are orienting their quality management strategies and systems to meet the requirements of the opera-ing environment though the primary focus remains the same, that is, Total Customer Satisfication . Many of the present techniques of quality management were developed in Japan. However, U. S. A. , European nations and developing nations have also contributed significantly to this development.The studies carried out by researchers in different national settings reveal that the concept and philosophies of TQM are not understood by the managers and others. An all out effort , therefore is required to promote the understan-ding by launching massive educational and management development programs at all levels so as to create a cultural consciousness towards quality. TQM is not undimensional approach but is multifaceted in nature. Understanding these facets is essential to promote a successful quality improvement program.An integrated approach on all vital components of TQM is required to achieve the desired goal. We will write a custom essay sample on Tqm or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So, the summarization is being done in the following points. 1. TQM has been accepted by both service and manufacturing organizations,globally as a systematic management approach to meet the competitive challenges. 6 2. TQM redefines the quality with emphasis on top management commitment and custo-mer satisfaction. 3. The benefits of TQM are numerous and are increasingly realized by organizations. 4. TQM provides a linkage between productivity and quality. 5.

AIDS Descrimnation is Bad essays

AIDS Descrimnation is Bad essays Discrimination is a concern for people worldwide because they have had personal experience throughout their daily routines. When it comes to people with aids, many people around the world have thought about the subject many times, and have developed their state of mind towards them. Also, people have learned to live with while others ignore the problem. One problem that may not concern many is discrimination to people with aids in school. The question here is; does aids influence schools to admit pupils? Does aid influence in teachers grading methods? A survey done by Mauricio Murguia to six college students gave us a quite description of how more or less people think and feel about students with aids: Miriam Maciel from El Paso Community College answered, I dont think it is right for people to judge people with deceases because what happens to one, may happen to another. I act normal when I am aware that a person that surround me has aids and I also treat that person equally. Another three students from UTEP answered the same. Rafael Brunet a student from Kettering University in Michigan answered that he does everything in his power to avoid people with aids and that he feels uncomfortable around these people and mostly if they are homosexuals. Luis Davalos from the TEC De Monterrey in Mexico answered that he hates people with aids because the have the decease because of irresponsibility. Also Luis Davalos told us that he couldnt see a homosexual because he is filled with anger. It is hard to make others think a way in which we think is correct and this is because we all have different points of view. I myself had an experience, which I think I will never forget. I was dating a girl about 15 months ago, and it was a normal relationship but after some time of seeing this girl I started to point out certain changes in her behavior. I thought it was because of me or because she was not happy with ...

David Sarnoff Mass Broadcasting essays

David Sarnoff Mass Broadcasting essays David Sarnoff was a pioneer of mass broadcasting. He was born at a pivotal time in history and grew up as new technologies were beginning to be invented. But David Sarnoff took the dreams of inventors and saw beyond them to a future that no one but he could have imagined. He is responsible for the development of radio and TV as we know it today. Sarnoff developed radio and TV networks and regarded black-and-white TV as merely a transition until color could be made available. Astonishingly, he even envisioned the concept of the VCR. This paper will cover Sarnoffs life and the vision he gave the world in the mass broadcasting industry. David Sarnoff will have a strong influence on my career. He began when there was no television, and he developed his skills in radio, and then he advanced and kept up with the new technology. Today the new technology is the Internet, so I plan to keep up with the new technology by developing my Internet skills. David Sarnoff had to support his family from an early age, so he quickly learned English. It is taking me a long time to learn good English, but it is also important for me. English is the language that is used all over the world, so it is important for communication in the mass media. Sarnoff did not go to college, but I have the great privilege and advantage of a college education. When I read about how Sarnoff developed his career form newspapers to radio to television, I am inspired. If he could make a success of his life, then I can make a success of my life, too. I cannot begin at the top, but I can advance to the top. Sarnoff educated himself by studying engineering, so he was not just a manager. This tells me that it is very important to have technical knowledge when you are working in the mass media. Therefore, I plan to learn as much as I can about computers and how they work, as well as how the Internet works. I believe that I can become an important leader...

Diagnosis of the Situation of Google Research Paper

Diagnosis of the Situation of Google - Research Paper Example According to the research in this era of globalization and industrialization, introduction of information technology (IT) has changed the entire scenario of business world. IT is the technique which is mainly concerned with the technology in order to deal with varied types of information. It mainly deals with attainment, processing, storage and distribution of verbal, graphic, textual and numerical facts with the help of microelectronic techniques such as computers. IT mainly includes wide ranges of computer software, programming language and hardware, which transmit information into visual design with the help of multimedia. Thus, it can be depicted that introduction of internet services enabled the connection of several worldwide users into a single framework with the help of ‘internet protocol suites’ (IPS). IT or more specifically, internet service acted as a revolution, which changed the entire global economy. IT is one of the most successful strategies whose implem entation enhanced the market share and the brand recognition of many search engines namely Google, MSN, AOL, Yahoo and Ask Jeeves among others. Besides, Google is the most reputed player in this context. IT has created high impact on the global environment, which eased both individual and business activities thereby augmenting the pace of growth of varied search engines. Google Inc. is a reputed multinational corporation of the United States of America specializing in software and internet based services. It has gained worldwide prominence due to it service of online search engine, which is utilized by varied users all around the world in order to accumulate various information and facts. It mainly operates through online websites and file transfer protocol (FTP) servers, which are vital for the transmission of varied facts and figures from one place to the other. Google web exploration engine is primly owned by Google Inc. The prime objective of Google web exploration engine is to investigate several information and data in numerous online web pages. Moreover, it also helps in interconnecting individuals located far apart. Prior to the implementation of IT, the business scenario of Google was entirely different as compared to recent times. Prior to ‘dot.com bubble’, in the year 2000, the market share of Google was lower than one percent (The Center for Research on Information Technology and Organizations, 2007). Google Inc. gained momentum after the introduction of IT techniques as one of its corporate strategies. After implementation of IT, the brand image and recognition of Google enhanced to a larger extent, which proved rather beneficial for the organization. It helped to improve the profitability of Google by US$100 billion, thereby positioning itself as the market leader among others. The market share also increased by 57.81 percent by 2004 and it increased to about 66.63 percent by the year 2006, which is quite noteworthy (The Center for R esearch on Information Technology and Organizations, 2007). Hence, it can be depicted that the identity and uniqueness of Google altered due to the adaptation of IT tactics. Problems/Issues That Need To Be Addressed Although Google is a reputed and renowned organization in the world, it is facing quite a few problems,

What makes china an attractive location for inward direct investment Essay

What makes china an attractive location for inward direct investment by multinational enterprises - Essay Example This project has incorporated over US $580 billion. The inward direct investment for China has grown with these developments in the economy. In 2007, foreign direct investments reached $83.5 billion. Foreign outflows increased further in 2008 and has grown steadily since. China went ahead to announce increased merger and acquisition deals to above one hundred and thirty mergers in 2008. Furthermore, merger and acquisitions in 2009 exceeded US $27billion. China’s strength in the international investment lies its ability to remain consistent through economic downturns (Qu et al 2010). Foreign outflow and inflows in China has been notably stable despite persistent downturns on the global threshold. Most studies attribute development of the Chinese economy and its financial stability to foreign investments. More than fifty per cent of Chinese exports come from foreign connections, located within the country. Moreover, three hundred out of five hundred of the world’s largest companies, have extended their productivity schemes to China. These foreign firms alone employ approximately twenty four million workers within China (Green et al 2010). The data taken shows that over three quarters of Western, Japanese and other Asian multinational organizations move to China’s domestic market (Urata et al 2006) Investors are especially attracted to China by low costs of labor and land. The Chinese labor force is among the largest in the world. It consists of over one hundred and four million in the productive sector. This number alone doubles the labor forces of Germany, US, Italy, Canada and Britain altogether. The Chinese market is also characterized by offer deficit besides the favorable costs of land and available labor. China is endowed with resources such as minerals for example, aluminum, bauxite and oil that are useful in the investment process. The nation’s investment is similarly influenced by money supply and recent account balances. Coun tries seeking to attract foreign investment use such methods as these. The methods involve creation of incentives by reduced taxation on exportation to China, critical recommendations on technology and favorable loaning processes along with good infrastructure for telecommunication and transport purposes (Paprzycki et al 2008). Chinese inward investments by and large exceed those that are made outside the country. The country has also resulted in creating provision for its international capital for own foreign investments. China’s overseas investments have been encouraged by overflow of resources and the country’s allegoric domestic demand. The country’s excessive capacity in production has led to sectors of the Chinese economy seeking international investment opportunities. This for the sake of further growth in such industries that bear an overflow. Furthermore, investments take advantage of quota free access to countries like the United States by investing di rectly through other nations such as Africa and Cambodia. Other nations have advantages such as location specificity and incentives (Wang, 2002). The United Kingdom for example provides with investment grants. Chinese foreign investments take advantage of this benefits. Investments by the Chinese firms is motivated by opportunities to gain knowledge on certain technologies. The Chinese foreign direct investment goes into other economies with the aim of obtaining technological knowhow. The technological knowledge later applies in China’s own production processes (Zheng, 2008). The Chinese government reinforces foreign investmen

What is the function of the theory of games within the academic Essay

What is the function of the theory of games within the academic literature Discuss - Essay Example In these natures of games, intellectual personnel's intermingle with each other in an endeavor to accomplish their objective. Later than this economists developed interest in non-unvarying sum playoffs and this brought Nash Equilibrium into subsistence by John Nash in 1950. This contribution was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1994. This hypothesis can be advantageous to economic, political and business circumstances and gradually it is been used in numerous line of work. Nash equilibrium is that game theory where no player has an encouragement to alteration of his or her stratagem whilst the game is iterated, but on one clause that no other player modifies his or her line of attack either. One or more Nash equilibrium is conventional for games. For example: There is an alternative to choose between x and y for the two players 1 and 2. Then it is apparent that if the player 1 chooses x then the other player also has to choose x. correspondingly this stipulation is applied in case for choosing y. This game repetitively, again and again permits the player to structure prospect about the others preference and will tag along. With the help of game theory it is uncomplicated to discover the most excellent and most advantageous elucidation in the intermediate of the argument. Oligopolistic markets have interdependence owing to which these variances take place. Game theory gives us the picture about fundamental commencement for the various fields. It accomplishes a language to correspond mutually supporting linking firms, administrators, personnel, administrations, further countries and the like. This moreover is of assistance to assess the commonsensical uniformity of profitable domino effect concerning to mutually dependent. As a result it involves the economic representation such as trustworthiness resulting from the subordinate game by faultless Nash equilibrium methodology, which is made known to reallocate feedback purpose. It assists to recognize the most favorable line of attack for commerce and administrations, which were observed at some point in the Cold War. Therefore it is a helpful source for t he managers in occurrence of the argument or any improbability. Hierarchy The complete game theory is alienated into subsequent three uninterrupted hierarchy: Distinctiveness to capitalize on profits Economic judiciousness implementing the contentious hypothesis which, selfish people are there and work for own reimbursement. Organizations accomplishment might have an effect on one another; mutual supporting. For instance, the way it ensues in Oligopolistic antagonism, one organizations promotion may have an effect on alternative organizations revenue. In these individuals, firms, etc. are the main players, which perform like decision creator. Then the stratagems are obtainable, through which the organization can acquire achievement and whichever energetic or up to standard line of attack by the player. There are the payoffs acknowledged by the players subsequent to the dealings are been embarked on. Its tenure for revenue and thus be part of the cause a language for the game theory. This will help us to know how

Polluter Pays Principle Case Study

Polluter Pays Principle Case Study I. Introduction The Polluter pays principle (PPP) basically means that the producer of goods should be responsible for the cost of preventing any pollution caused as well as remedy any damage so caused. It will include full environmental costs i.e. cost of pollution or any other harm caused to the ecology and not just those which are immediately tangible costs.[1] The polluter pays principle is preventive and compensatory in nature. It may entail fixing criminal responsibility on polluter, to make him make good the harm or pay eco-tax or carbon tax or at least participate in preserving environment in some way. The principle of polluters pay has been interpreted differently in different countries and there seems to be no common definition. For instance, some countries impose retrospective liability on the polluter and different countries have different definitions for who is a polluter and what constitutes pollution[2]; range of costs to be borne by the polluter differs. It should also be noted that the above principle is more of a regional custom than part of international environmental law. The name of this rule is unnecessarily restrictive if taken literally. Pollution (harm associated with emission of wastes into environment) is only one of many forms of environmental degradation to which the rule has been applied. Initially, PPP was interpreted only as government not doing the clean up job for the polluters or the industries, but today the scenario has changed. The most popular interpretation of PPP is that apart from the government even the specific polluters should incur the responsibility for abating their contribution to a particular pollution problem. This is called equitable internalization. As polluters bear all the cost the distortions in international trade and investment arising from differential pollution abatement financing methods could be eliminated through the adoption of the PPP.[3] The polluter pays principle has been used as the beneficiary-pays principle which favours the costs of providing conservation goods (i.e. prevention or repair of environmental degradation) being allocated to those who benefit from those goods. The strict version requires costs be fully distributed among beneficiaries pro-rata to their shares of total benefits (User pays principle) while the weaker version requires that all beneficiaries cover full costs. (Beneficiary compensates principle)[4] This research paper aims as briefly discussing the development of the PPP, its implementation while referring to its ever expanding definitions as well as its advantages and limitation in the Indian and the International scenario. II. The economic aspect The PPP was initially conceived as an economic theory to maximize resource allocation. Pollution in economic terms simply means improper cost allocation.[5] That is, the cost of one resource, i.e., water or air, is not properly reflected in the product price. Initially, people had the common belief that neither air nor water was a scarce resource and so its use was free to all and producers could discharge waste into the air or water without accounting for the use of that resource as part of production costs. They simply passed the cost of using the air or water for waste disposal on to the future users of those resources. This failure to properly allocate costs stimulates over-production leading ultimately to a market failure. Such failure, if not corrected, will result in pollution which needs to be adequately paid for. This is commonly known as the theory of internalization of external costs. Thus, polluter pays strives to internalize environmental externalities, thereby mandating that environmental harms be factored into market price. This informs consumers of the true costs of industrial activity and discourages environmentally harmful behavior. It could also be used to oblige nations to reflect in market terms the environmental externalities of their industrial development. This would diminish the incentive to pursue comparative advantage through a willingness to impose greater externalities on the environment.[6] PPP favours corrective justice and is concerned very less with idea of fault. When reduced to its most basic logic and applied to the interstate level, the polluter pays principle serves a reparative function: one who causes harm must remedy it. This logic is particularly compelling given that these harms impinge upon common concerns of humanity. Furthermore, under this principle it is not the responsibility of government to meet the costs involved in either prevention of environmental damage, or in carrying out remedial action, because the effect of this would be to shift the financial burden of the pollution incident to the taxpayer.[7] III. International Background The recognition of the vice of pollution and its impact on future resources was realised during the early part of 1970. The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, during a panel discussion in 1971, concluded that the total environmental expenditure required for improvement of the environment was overestimated but could be reduced by increased environmental awareness and control. In 1972, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development adopted the polluter pays principle as a method for pollution cost allocation, including for accidental pollution. This principle was also discussed during the 1972 Paris Summit.[8] It was the EU which took the lead in promoting the PPP when in 1974, it made it mandatory that this principle be uniformly applied to all its member states. The current Fourth Action Programme makes it clear that the cost of preventing and eliminating nuisance must in principle be borne by the polluter, and the PPP has now been incorporated into the European Community Treaty as part of the new Articles on the environment which were introduced by the Single European Act of 1986. Article 130(2) of the Treaty states that environmental considerations are to play a part in all the policies of the Community, and that action is to be based on three principles: the need for preventative action; the need for environmental damage to be rectified at source; and that the polluter should pay.[9] PPP is included in Article 174 of the EU Treaty (1997) and since 1990, when the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation was agreed upon by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the PPP has been acknowledged as a general principle of international environmental law. In US, the principle was adopted by the enactment of Comprehensive Environment response Compensation and liability Act, 1980. World Commission on Environment and Development (1986) also legally supported PPP through sustainable development principle 10.[10] Later international documents like the 1992 Rio declaration: principle 16[11], Agenda 21 and the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) i.e. Johannesburg Plan of Implementation reiterated the same principle. Some of the salient principles of Sustainable Development, as culled-out from Brundtland Report include PPP. IV. India and the polluter pays principle Policy: National conservation strategy and policy statement on environment and development, 1992 recommends   â€Å"operationalisation of polluter pays principle by introducing effluent tax, resource cess for industry and implementation of standards based on resource consumption and production capacity so that environmental considerations could be integrated while encouraging industrial growth.† National environment policy, 2006 is more specific in recognizing the polluter pays principle in order to achieve economic efficiency in environmental conservation. This Principle requires that the services of environmental resources be given economic value, and such value to count equally with the economic values of other goods and services, in analysis of alternative courses of action. Judiciary: The judiciary in India first recognised the polluter pays principle as a sound principle in Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action v. Union of India Ors[12](Bichhri Village case) which interpreted PPP to mean that â€Å"absolute liability of harm to the environment extends not only to compensate the victims of pollution, but also to the cost of restoring environmental degradation. This principle forms an important part of sustainable development†[13]. Explaining the principle, the Court held that it is not the role of the government to meet the cost either in the prevention of such damage or in carrying out remedial action, because the effect of this would be shifting the financial burden of the pollution incident to the tax payers and why should the tax payers share this burden? It should be the polluter who should be made responsible for their wrong doings.[14] Thus, according to this principle, the responsibility for repairing the damage is that of the offending industry. Sections 3 and 5 of the Environment (Protection) Act 1986 empower the Central Government to give directions and take measures for giving effect to this principle. The social action litigation initiated in August, 1989 relating to production of ‘H acid in chemical industries near Bichhri village. Since the toxic untreated waste waters were allowed to flow out freely and because the untreated toxic sludge was thrown in the open in and around the complex, the toxic substances percolated deep into the earth polluting the underground water. The water in the wells and the streams has become dirty and unfit, and is no longer potable. Even the land has become barren and can no longer be cultivated. Further it was also observed that even trees like eucalyptus planted in contaminated fields show leaf burning and stunted growth. Many old trees which were badly affected due to contamination are still growing under stress conditions as a result of soil contamination. The resulting misery to the villagers needs no emphasis. It spread disease, death and disaster in the village and the surrounding areas. Most of these industries were never even granted a no objection certificate. Keeping this in mind, NEERI report suggestedthat the principle of Polluter Pays should be applied in this case. The cost of damage to be disbursed to the affected villagers is estimated at Rs. 342.8 lakhs. This cost needs to be borne by the management of the industry in keeping with the PPP and the doctrine of Strict/Absolute liability, as applied to Sriram Food and Fertilizers Industry in the case of Oleum leak in 1985. It was finally directed that the Central Government shall determine the amount required for carrying out the remedial measures over the damage caused to ecology of the region. It was kept open for the villagers to institute suits for suitable relief. The court said that no distinction is to be made in this behalf as between a large-scale industry and a small-scale industry or for that matter between a large-scale industry and a medium-scale industry. All chemical industries, whether big or small, should be allowed to be established only after taking into considerations all the environmental aspects, appropriate directions in that behalf may be issued under Section 3 and 5 of the Environment Act, the Central Government shall ensure that the directions given by it are implemented forthwith. The Central Government and the R.P.C.B. shall file quarterly Reports before this Court with respect to the progress in the implementation of Directions. In S. Janannath v Union of India[15], applying the said principle, the Court held the aquaculture (shrimp culture) industry that had been functioning within the Coastal Regulatory Zone (CRZ) Notification as liable to pay the affected persons on the basis of the polluter pays principle. In Vellore Citizens Welfare Forum v Union of India[16], a three judge bench went a step further and regarded both the precautionary principle and the polluter pays principle as part of environmental law.[17] Kuldip Singh, J. after referring to the principles evolved in various international Conferences and to the concept of Sustainable Development, stated that the PPP now governs the law in our country too, as is clear from Articles 47, 48-A and 51-A(g) of our Constitution and that, in fact, in the various environmental statutes, such as the Water Act, 1974 and other statutes, including the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, these concepts are already implied. The learned Judge declared that these pri nciples have now become part of our law. In fact on the facts of the case before this Court, it was directed that the authority to be appointed under Section 3(3) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 shall implement the PPP.[18] Next, reference may also be made to the decision in the case of A.P. Pollution Control Board v. Prof. M.V. Nayudu (Retd.) and Ors[19]and Karnataka[20] where, after referring to the principles noticed in Vellore Citizens Welfare Forums Case, the same have been explained in more detail with a view to enable the Courts and the Tribunals or environmental authorities to properly apply the said principles in the matters which come before them. It was in this case that the onus of proof was fixed to be on the polluter. In MC Mehta v. Union of India[21] it was held that even if PPP is not interpreted as a principle of environment law in India as stated in Vellore case, it still remains a principle of international law which has acquired the status of customary international law. It is a well-settled law under the Indian Constitution that rules of customary international law not contrary to municipal law be deemed to be incorporated into the domestic law. And, therefore, once declared as customary international law, precautionary principle naturally became part of Indian municipal law. Relying on the above judgment, in M.C.Mehta v. UOI[22], the SC ordered the Calcutta Tanneries to relocate and pay compensation for the loss of ecology/environment of the affected areas and the suffering of the residents. Similarly, in the Kamalnaths case[23], the court by considering the PPP as the law of the land, ordered that one who pollutes the environment must pay to reverse the damage caused by his acts. Thus, Span Motels who were illegally and callously interfering with the natural flow of Beas were directed to pay compensation by way of costs for restitution of environment and ecology of the area. In the matter of enforcement of Fundamental Rights under Article 21, under Public Law domain, the Court, in exercise of its powers under Article 32 of the Constitution, has awarded damages against those who have been responsible for disturbing the ecological balance either by running the industries or any other activity which has the effect of causing pollution in the environment. The Court while awarding damages also enforces the PPP which is widely accepted as a means of paying for the cost of pollution and control. To put in other words, the wrongdoer, the polluter, is under an obligation to make good the damage caused to the environment.[24]Again in MC Mehta v. UOI[25] a question arose as to the fate of mining activities in the Aravalli range in Gurgaon and if any, payments have to be made by the mine operators and/or by State Government towards environmental fund applying PPP. Also, in Research foundation case[26], PPP was applied to the case where a high power committee on hazardous wastes noticed 133 containers being illegally imported under the garb of lubricating oil. Recommendation of Monitoring Committee that only appropriate course to protect environment was to direct destruction of consignments by incineration was followed and the Importers held liable to pay amounts to be spent for destroying hazardous waste on basis of precautionary principle and PPP. The decision in Deepak Nitrite Ltd. v. State of Gujarat and others[27] laid down a proposition that in absence of actual degradation of environment by the offending activities, the payment for repair on application of the PPP cannot be ordered. In this case a Public Interest litigation was filed   before High Court alleging large scale pollution caused by industries located in Gujarat Industrial Development industrial corporation estate at Nandesari. In Tirupur Dyeing[28] case, public interest litigation was filed against the discharge of effluents into river. A large number of farmers have suffered because of the pollution caused by them. They could not cultivate any crop in the said land. The Pollution Control Board is directed to ensure that no pollution is caused, giving strict adherence, to the statutory provisions. polluter-pays are the integral part and parcel of national environmental law. The appellant is bound to compensate the persons who have suffered the loss because of the activity of its members, as water of the river is neither worth for irrigation purpose nor potable. It was also reiterated that principles of polluters-pay and precautionary principle have to be read with the doctrine of sustainable development. V. Conclusions Even with all its success in Indian scenario, the polluter pays principle is not a cure for all of the worlds environmental problems. It has a potential only for problems that stem from identifiable polluters who have sufficient economic resources to pay their way and even under the broadest definitions of pollution, the PPP cannot assist with serious environmental issues such as declining biological diversity or destruction of ecologically critical habitats. Other problems, though pollution related, are the aggregated consequence of the disparate actions of millions of individuals who are just trying to maintain a subsistence livelihood in overcrowded cities or desertified rural areas. The PPP would be inappropriate in such situations; these impoverished polluters are in no position to pay for their contribution to the worlds environmental burden. Most developing countries are yet to completely subscribe to the polluter pays principle as a major environmental policy guideline due to difficulty in implementing the same and due to its vague nature. The poor households, informal sector firms, and subsistence farmers cannot bear any additional charges for waste disposal while the small and medium-size firms from the formal sector, which mainly serve the home market, find it difficult to pass on higher costs to the domestic end-users of their products. Also, the exporters in developing countries usually cannot shift the burden of cost internalisation to foreign customers due to elastic demand. Lastly, many environmental problems in developing countries are caused by an overexploitation of common pool resources. Yet the Indian Judiciary and the recent national environment policy have enthusiastically applied the policy successfully on case to case basis. Its development into a well rounded principle can   only be judged with time but its present usefulness is very apparent. Bibliography Ashford Nicholas A. and Charles C. Caldert, Environmental law, policy and economics: Reclaiming the environmental agenda, MIT press, London, 2008 Candice Stevens, Interpreting the Polluter Pays Principle in the Trade and Environment Context 27 Cornell Intl L. J. 577 (1994) Cardwell Michael, The polluter pays principle in European Community law and its impact on United Kingdom farmers Okla. L. Rev. 89 Choudhary Himanshu, A short note on the Polluter Pays Principle available at http://www.indlaw.com/display.aspx?2601 last visited on 27 January 2010 Dam Shubhankar and Vivek Tewary, Polluting environment, polluting constitution worse than a polluted environment? 17 J.Envtl. L. 383 Divan Shyam, Demin Rsencraz, Environment law and policy in India, second ed., Oxford University press, London, 2002 De Lucia, Vito, Polluter pays principle at http://www.eoearth.org/article/Polluter_pays_principle last visited on 9 February 2010 Drumbl Mark A., Poverty, wealth and obligation in international environment law 76 Tut.L.Rev.843 Dube Indrajit, Environment Jurisprudence: polluter liability, Lexis-Nexis Butterworths, Delhi, 2007 Fitzmaniaca Malgosia, Contemporary issues in International environment law, Edward elgar publishing inc, USA, 2009 Havenga Peter, A Few Steps Closer Towards Establishing the Polluter Pays Principle (1997) 9 SA Merc LJ Interpretation of Polluter Pays Principle (PPP) In India available at http://www.legalserviceindia.com/article/l54-Interpretation-of-Polluter-Pays-Principle.html last visited on 27 January 2010 Nash Jonathan R., Too Much Market? Conflict between Tradable Pollution Allowances and the Polluter Pays Principle, 24 Harv. Envtl. L. Rev. 465, 466 (2000) Sands Philip, Principles of International law: Frameworks, standards and implementation: Volume-1, CSERGE, New York, 1995 Sanford E. Gaines, Polluter-Pays Principle: From Economic Equity to Environmental Ethos, 26 Tex. Intl L. J. 463 (1991) Senagar Dharmendra, Environment law, Prentice Hall of India ltd, New Delhi, 2007 Shiraz Rustomjee, Global environmental law and India, 36 Intl J.Legal Info.342 Sohn, The Stockholm Declaration on the Human Environment, 14 HARV. INTL L.J. 423(1973) Stuart Bell and Donald Mcgillivray, Environmental law, seventh ed., Oxford University Press, London, 2008 Ursula Kettlewell, The answer to global pollution? A critical examination of problems and potential of polluter-pays principle, 3 Colo. J. Intl Envtl. L. Poly 429 (1992) [1] Research Foundation for Science and Technology and Natural Resources Policy v. UOI and Another (2005)13SCC186 [2] According to Pearce, a polluter is a party emitting damaging wastes to the environment. This has often being broadened to any party who degrades the natural environment. Bromley argues, however, that emissions only constitute pollution when a victim is within the realm of emission. In some circumstances the victim may be seen as causing pollution by oming to nuisance and should therefore, by Bromleys reasoning be regarded as the polluter. [3] (Bell and Mcgillivray, 344) [4] (Havenga, 19) [5] (Kettlewell, 429) [6] ( Nash, 455) [7] (Dam and Tewary, 383) [8] ( Cardwell, 94) [9] M.C.Mehta v. Kamalnath (2000)6SCC213 [10] States shall prevent or abate any trans-boundary environmental interference which could cause or causes significant harm. [11] Principle 16 of the Rio Declaration provides that national authorities should endeavour to promote the internalization of environmental costs and the use of economic instruments, taking into account the approach that the polluter should, in principle, bear the cost of pollution, with due regard to the public interest and without distorting international rade and investment. [12] (1996) 3 SCC 212 [13] N.D Jayal v. Union of India 2004(9)SCC362 [14] M.C.Mehta v. Union of India (Taj Trapezium Case) 1996(8)SCC 462 [15] (1997) 2 SCC 87 [16] (1996) 5 SCC 647 [17] The same was reiterated in Narmada Bachao Andolan v. Union of India 2000(10)SCC664 [18] This obiter was later applied in the case of A.P. Pollution Control Board v. Prof. M.V. Nayadu (Retd.) Others AIR1999SC812 [19] [(1996) 5 SCC 718] [20] (2006)6SCC371 [21] 1997(3)SCC715 [22] 1997(2)SCC411 [23]M.C.Mehta v. Kamal Nath and Ors (1997) 1 SCC 388 [24] M.C Mehta v. Kamalnath (2000)6SCC213 [25] (2004)12SCC118 [26] Supra to 1 [27] (2004)6SCC402 [28] (2009)9SCC737

The Differences of Bush and Clinton as Presidents

â€Å"As a traditional upper-class Republican conservative, Bush was a cheerleader for American consumer capitalism and promoted globalization of American-produced products in a â€Å"New World Order† safeguarded by the Reagan Doctrine and arms sales to client countries. However, neither Bush nor Secretary of State Baker had â€Å"the vision thing† and instead remained pragmatic caretakers of the Reagan Revolution. The economic recession 1990-92, white collar downsizing, the loss of 2 million jobs, the need to raise taxes to pay for the Reagan deficit, and a hostile Congress controlled by the Democratic Party prevented the realization of the new order.† In 1989, Bush stopped the sales of weapons to the Republic of China because a revolt was triggering between the government of China and its people that there was a lot killed in Tiananmen Square. In 1990, the President was in favor of increasing the taxes paid by the employees so that they can cope up with the increasing debts of U.S. but with this, his popularity started to sink because people knew that he was against it. Several other factors were key in his defeat, including siding with Congressional Democrats in 1990 to raise taxes despite his famous â€Å"Read my lips: No new taxes† pledge not to institute any new taxes (Wikipedia, 2005). That was one of the reasons why he was not re-elected as president. William Jefferson Clinton became the 42nd President of the United States since 1993 until 2001. He was elected as the president twice but on his second term he was for impeachment. According to Wikipedia 2005: â€Å"During his tenure as president, his domestic priorities included efforts to create a universal healthcare system, upgrade education, to restrict handgun sales, to strengthen environmental regulations, to improve race relations, and to protect the jobs of workers during pregnancy or medical emergency. His domestic agenda also included more conservative themes such as reforming welfare programs, expanding the â€Å"War on Drugs†, and increasing law enforcement funding. Internationally, his priorities included reducing trade barriers, preventing nuclear proliferation, and mediating the Northern Ireland peace process and Israeli-Palestinian conflicts.† What is fact and what is a bias opinion as it relates to the two administrations? There was a statistics made by Ackman (2004) on the relation of the president's performance during their term. As summarized, Bush was ranked the least because of his poor performance. And Clinton was ranked higher that Bush because he performed well during his term especially his first term. According to Ackman (2004): â€Å"Clinton's two terms in office (1993-2001) were marked by strong numbers for gross domestic product (GDP) and employment growth and especially for deficit reduction.† â€Å"The key to Clinton's success, says Alice Rivlin, a Brookings Institution scholar who served as his director of management and budget, was adhering to the â€Å"pay/go† agreement first forged by President George H. W. Bush and a Democratic Congress, whereby tax cuts or entitlement increases had to be funded on a current basis. She says Clinton raised taxes at just the right time–when incomes were starting to rise after years of stagnation–leading to a surge of receipts. The result was the smallest government in terms of its percentage of GDP since Johnson, and the first substantial budget surpluses since Harry S. Truman. † How the public viewed Clinton and Bush both pro and con? During the term of Bush, people hoped for security and prosperity and he was able to attain the security but a slight below of the progress maybe because of his concentration on the foreign policy. As according to the online source, http://americanhistory.si.edu/presidency/timeline/pres_era/3_701.html: â€Å"Bush proved most sure-footed in foreign policy, where, according to one observer, he proved a master of both â€Å"timing and substance.† More widely traveled than any other President, he managed the policy transitions prompted by the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War. Perhaps his greatest success was the alliance he crafted to thwart Iraq's forceful takeover of Kuwait in 1990.† During the first term of Clinton, he won the masses because he worked hard and implemented some of his platforms but then there were some objections on his other decisions. Such examples are, based on Wikipedia (2005): â€Å"Shortly after taking office, Clinton fulfilled a campaign promise by signing the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, which required large employers to allow their employees to take unpaid leave because of pregnancy or serious medical condition. While this action was popular, Clinton's initial reluctance to fulfill another campaign promise relating to the acceptance of openly homosexual members of the military garnered criticism from both the left (for being too tentative in promoting gay rights) and the right (for being too insensitive to military life). After much debate, Clinton implemented the â€Å"Don't ask, don't tell† policy, which remains official military policy.† Did the media treat them each fairly and without bias? With President George H. W. Bush, the media treated him fairly during his administration. Regarding the taxes he imposed, the public did not clearly understand the reason for increasing and adding the tax that was one of the concerns of the people, they relied on the media's information but not directly to the authorized personnel. With President Bill Clinton, the media did treat him fairly during his administration and how he handle his office but then when news about his affair with Monica Lewinsky, he was not treated fairly, they judged them on what they think is due to him without due process that was one of the reason why his popularity had dropped. But even if he was under hot situation he did not leave his office, he continued to work and he proved that his personal life will not affect his service to the people. What legacy did and will they each leave? During the term of Bush, major event has happened with the help of the United States such as the Tiananmen Square where he stopped the sales of weapons because of the civil war. The fall of Berlin Wall, this was participated by different countries including the U.S. And most especially the Gulf War where in they initiated the attacked of American to Iraq for trying to invade Kuwait. The last legacy during his term that he left was he organized the â€Å"North American Free Trade Agreement† but it was Clinton, during his term that it was signed. The most important item on Clinton's legislative agenda, however, was a complex health care reform plan, the result of a task force headed by Hillary Clinton, aimed at achieving universal coverage (Wikipedia, 2005). The health care program will benefit most of the Americans but insurances and some traditionalists do not like the idea of this reform plan. The economy improved because unemployment were reduced, the stock market raised and the employees income were raised. But then, it will also be noted that Clinton was the 2nd President who went through impeachment because of what happened between him and one of his staff â€Å"Monica Lewinsky†. At first he denied it but soon he accepted it and asked for the people's mercy.

Bank of China †Survey of products and services provided Essay

Personal Banking. In the personal banking segment one of the principal products and services include deposit products. The Bank of China provides a variety of deposit products including foreign currency deposits. It has also included multifunctional debit card which can assist financial planning. (Deposits, 2006). It has also got a facility for deposit collections at different places which facilitate those with transferable jobs or changing residences frequently to follow up their deposits without any geographical constraints (Deposits, 2006). Deposit Certificates are being issued by the Bank for people’s needs for studying abroad, visiting relatives or for domestic requirements. (Deposits, 2006). The bank also provides facilities for payment of fees, providing pay to employees, stock fund transfer service and handling of securities trading services. (Deposits, 2006). In addition Personal Checks are provided for high value account holders for making large purchases which are beyond the credit card limits allotted. (Personal Check, 2006). In the loans segment, Bank of China is providing a variety of loans to its personal customers. The primary loans include educational loans which can be commercial or state. The latter are at discounted interests by the central financial authorities in China, while commercial loans are for financing tuition and other fees which is supported privately. (Loans, 2006). Auto loans include financing for purchase of cars. In addition there are travel loans to facilitate in board as well as out board travel which however has to be only through approved travel company services as per bank norms. (Loans, 2006). There are petty consumer credit loans which are provided for facilitating normal consumption needs of customers such as labor service and fee payments. (Loans, 2006). For such purposes the client is required to be credit worthy. A normal service provided by the Bank is renting of safe deposit box. (Loans, 2006). Another important service provided by the bank is that of Bancassurance, which involves a tie up with the insurance companies, providing the client a full range of services to include insurance, premiums on policy and preservation at a savings outlet in BOC. (Bancassurance, 2006). Corporate Banking. In the corporate banking sector, the Bank of China has a strong presence with a global profile. Its experience and expertise is seen to be of particular benefit to the Chinese businessman seeking to do business globally. (Corporate, 2006) The bank claims to provide unique services based on its ability to assess market sensitivity. The various corporate services provided by the bank include financing for trade, risk controls, protection of risk of debt and is extending even further to management of ledger and collection. (Corporate, 2006). In the loans segment the various types of loans include providing working capital to the companies, for financing projects, real estate businesses, fixed assets and loans on foreign currency. (Corporate, 2006) Business is provided finance in various forms of credit such as a normal credit line, credit for export buyers, finance lease guarantees, credit for export sellers, accounts receivable purchases and labor service contracts. (Corporate, 2006). For international businesses, the services provided include both inward and outward remittance, collection of letters of credit for both imports and exports, bill discounting, packing loan and guarantees for businesses and shipping. (Corporate, 2006). The investment banking services include a financial advisory service, cash management, loan trusts and agent bank business. The bank has also developed extensive e banking services to include i-banking, telephone banking and mobile phone banking. These services are seen to be highly effective in providing the corporate a variety of mediums of interaction on the World Wide Web. (Corporate, 2006). In the segment of foreign exchange and settlement, it is the lead bank in China and hence enjoys considerable leverage in the Chinese banking industry. This caters for individual and personal foreign exchange needs. (Forex, 2006). It has also facilities for forward transactions in foreign exchange Global business facilities include same day facility of funds transfer with the GLOBAL NICS programme in place which enables transactions across 581 overseas branches in 26 countries and regions on a single computer network. (Global, 2006). Linked to SWIFT communications, it enables a safe and speedy transaction for business persons. This is particularly significant with the extensive network of the Bank within China comprising of over 12,000 branches. It also facilitates international clients to transfer money within China speedily. (Global, 2006). Overseas Presence. The Banks overseas presence has been consistently growing after the China Development Finance Company (HK) was established in 1979, followed by Bank of China Groups Securities Limited in 1983, Bank of China International UK Ltd 1996 and Bank of China International in Hong Kong in 1998. (BOCI, 2006). The subsequent entry of BOCI into mainland has provided it added opportunity to establish close links with stable Chinese corporations to include China National Petroleum Corporation, State Development & Investment Corporation, China General Technology (Group) Holdings Limited and so on. (BOCI, 2006) This enables strengthening of the financial link of the Bank providing it greater stability in the international as well as national banking domains. (BOCI, 2006). Banking Facilitation. The BOC is also an agent bank for a large number of other banks providing them the services of consignment banking to manage loans between borrowers and the agent bank. The consignment banks include China Import and Export Bank and the State Development Bank. (Agent, 2006). This provides the client bank the advantage of drawing upon the experience, expertise and network of a larger bank with an international presence as the BOC. A relatively high quality of service is said to be provided to the agent bank by BOC. Generally a tripartite agreement is signed between the BOC, the client bank and the borrower. (Agent, 2006).

Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird

Jem Finch in To Kill A Mockingbird â€Å"To kill a Mockingbird† by Harper Lee is set a small town called Maycomb in Alabama, in the 1930s. The community of Maycomb is of mixed ethnicity and like most places of that time the white people believe they were the dominant race. The book is seen through the eyes of two children: Jem and Scout Finch who are growing up in this society. As Jem gets older he becomes conscious of the fact that this community and these adults who surround him are not always right and this makes him feel lost. Jem is older than Scout and clearly remembers his mother. His sensitive nature makes him more aware of her death and he misses her. When Jem meets Dill he analyses him, like most children and accepts him, Jem knows what it is like losing a parent so when Scout touches on the topic of Dills dad (who left him) Jem tells her to ‘hush’, this confirms his understanding of others. Jem believes that Boo’s form of intimidation by his Father to stay in the house was ‘to chain him to the bed’ and his wild child like imagination of Boo Radley at the beginning is important because as the book progresses and Jem gets older, he realizes that Boo is just a normal human being who might not want to go outside. Boo Radley’s attempt to keep in contact with the outside world is through Jem and Scout. He does this by placing his most prized possessions in a knothole in a tree for the children to find, at first Jem doesn’t know it’s Boo but he graduall y pieces the personal objects and facts together and works it out. When Mr Nathan blocks up the knothole Jem is troubled, and he becomes conscious that the world of adults is not as he thought it would be, Boo’s attempt to stay in contact with the outside world has been diminished and there isn’t much he can do. He feels helpless and he weeps for Boo. During Miss Maudie’s house fire Jem acts like a father figure towards Scout he even uses Atticuss’ phrase ... Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird In 1931, when Lee was five, nine young black men were accused of raping two white women near Scottsboro, Alabama. (A6) After a series of lengthy, highly publicized, and often bitter trials, four of the nine men were sentenced to long prison terms. (A8) Many prominent lawyers and other American citizens saw the sentences as spurious and motivated only by racial prejudice. (A9) Later, it was revealed that the women who had accused the men were lying. There can be little doubt that the Scottsboro Case, as the trials of the nine men came to be called, served as a seed for the trial that stands at the heart of Lee's novel. (B7) There were many other cases of racism that was clearly present through the 1930s, and all in all, it was the blacks who suffered the most.... Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird Chapter 1: To Kill a Mockingbird begins, "When he was nearly thirteen, my brother Jem got his arm badly broken at the elbow†¦When enough years had gone by to enable us to look back on them, we sometimes discussed the events leading to his accident. I maintain that the Ewells started it all, but Jem, who was four years my senior, said it started long before that. He said it began the summer Dill came to us, when Dill first gave us the idea of making Boo Radley come out" (9). Only after one finishes Mockingbird does the significance of Jem's broken arm become apparent. How did it happen? Harper Lee refers to the subject only one other time at the end of the book, turning her attention instead to describing the setting and introducing her main characters. Through six-year old Scout, her narrator, Lee draws an affectionate and detailed portrait of Maycomb, Alabama, a small, sleepy, depression-era town. She writes, "People moved slowly then. They ambled across the square, shuf fled in and out of stores around it, took their time about everything. A day was twenty-four hours long but seemed longer. There was no hurry, for there was nowhere to go, nothing to buy, and no money to buy it with, nothing to see outside the boundaries of Maycomb County" (11). In chapter one we meet Atticus, Scout's father, who left his home, Finch's Landing, down the river from Maycomb, to study law in Mobile, Alabama. Atticus returned to Maycomb to practice law and help his brother, Jack, through medical school. About Atticus, Scout relates, "He liked Maycomb, he was Maycomb County born and bred; he knew his people, and they knew him, and because of [his father's] industry, Atticus was related by blood or marriage to nearly every family in the town" (11). We meet Calpurnia, the Finch's housekeeper who Scout describes as "all angles and bones†¦her hand was wide as a bed slat and twice as hard" (12). Scout, opinionated and vocal, faced Calpurnia's disci... Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird To Kill a Mockingbird In the novel to kill a mockingbird, Scout learns valuable lessons on prejudice in the town Maycomb, on the nature of courage, and on the dangers of judging others â€Å"before†¦climbing into their skin and walking around in it.† (Lee 33). Set in the mid 1930’s, Scout is a young girl living with her older brother Jem and her lawyer father Atticus. Growing up Scout learns many important things. Although the majority of Maycomb is prejudiced, Scout remains open and caring for all. She believes that everyone is equal. One of the important roles in Scout life is her father. Atticus is a small town lawyer and single parent. He tries to teach his children from right and wrong. He lives his life as he would like his children to live theirs. He gives everyone in Maycomb the respect they deserve regardless of their skin color. He proves this by defending a black man accused of raping a white woman. He teaches Scout and Jem that everybody deserves respect whether they are white or black. He also considers the black cook to be a part of their family and refuses to fire her when Scout aunt wants him to. Through everyday life Scout is able to realize what it means to be courageous. In the beginning of the novel, Scout encounters her neighbor who often shouted and criticized them. One day Jem cuts the top off her camellia bush in a fit of temper. Atticus finds out and orders him to apologize. His punishment had to read for one hour everyday for a month to Mrs. Dubose, the neighbor. Scout also goes with him. Later in the book Mrs. Dubose passes away from cancer. Atticus explains that she acted the way she did because of the pain she was. As a result, Jem and Scout learned about death and gained an understanding of Mrs. Dubose and the person she was. When Scout and Jem met Dill things became more exciting. After hearing gruesome tales of Boo Radley from Jem, Dill thinks up games about Boo. Although they were for fun in ... Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird Chapter 1 In the beginning of the story, we got introduces to Jem. He has two friends named Dill and Boo. Jem’s mother died when he was two. There was this old abandoned house that everyone was afraid of. Dill dared Jem to go touch it. He didn’t want to, but he did it. He ran up and slapped the house. All that happened was the shutter flickered. Chapter 2 In the second chapter, Jem and Dell start school. One is in the 1st grade and the other is in 5th grade. Jem was a big trouble maker right away. We get introduced to Walter Cunningham. He is very poor and doesn’t have any money for lunch. A teacher gave him a quarter for lunch but he refused. Chapter 3 Burris Ewell was introduced in this chapter. He had a bad temper and was always dirty. He always skipped school. Miss Caroline made him go home because she thought she saw a cootie in his hair. Scout didn’t go to school anymore. Chapter 4 When Scout was walking home from school one day, she had noticed a shiny piece of tin in a knot hole in a tree. There was gum in there. Jem made her spit it out when she got home. Later on they were walking and found a box with 2 shiny pennies in it. Jem explained to everyone about the hot steam, Scout didn’t believe Jem, so that made Jem mad. Later they played the tire game and Scout ended up on Radley’s porch. Chapter 5 Dill and Jem had an agreement with Miss Maudi that they could play on her lawn if they didn’t jump on her flowers. Then there’s this boo Radley guy. He does nothing but sit in his house all day. He never comes out. The boys wrote him a note telling him to come out because they want to know what he does in there. The boys even offer to buy him ice cream. They were going to give him the note by sticking it to the end of a fish pole and sticking it through the shutters. Chapter 6 There’s this guy Mr. Avery that the boys are interested in. Every night he sits on his p... Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird When Atticus Finch tells his children, â€Å"shoot all the bluejays you want, if you can hit ‘em, but remember it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird† (p. 99), the mockingbird motif becomes apparent. This is the motif that gives the novel it’s name based upon an important theme and is directly related to two of the major characters. At first, this excerpt may appear to be insignificant to the story. However, the reader becomes aware that the mockingbird image is used extensively throughout the book. As the first half of the novel focuses on the mysterious Boo Radley and the second half on the Tom Robinson trial, both of these characters can be viewed as mockingbirds - harmless creatures who are unjustly persecuted by society. The full significance of Atticus’s remark, â€Å"it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird† (p. 99), is explained by Miss Maudie Atkinson. Miss Maudie informs Scout that mockingbirds do nothing but â€Å"sing their hearts out for us† (p. 100), making music for us to enjoy. They represent a gentle and innocent creature and the destruction of these birds is a senseless act of injustice. The slaughter of a mockingbird can be likened to the bigoted treatment of Boo Radley and Tom Robinson. The children’s obsession with Boo Radley brings dominance to his character. Although he is rarely seen by Jem and Scout, it is his mystique that they find fascinating. He is a constant source of their conversations and games. Through his gifts in the tree, the mending of Jem’s pants and covering Scout with a blanket as she witnessed the burning of Miss Maudie’s house, the reader becomes aware, long before Scout does, that Boo is an affectionate person. He watches the children from a distance because he is too shy to come out and make friends. Because of Boo’s unsociable manner he is persecuted by the community. It is not until Boo saves Jem and Scout’s lives, by killing Bob Ewell, that Scout finally under... Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird Jem Finch in To Kill A Mockingbird â€Å"To kill a Mockingbird† by Harper Lee is set a small town called Maycomb in Alabama, in the 1930s. The community of Maycomb is of mixed ethnicity and like most places of that time the white people believe they were the dominant race. The book is seen through the eyes of two children: Jem and Scout Finch who are growing up in this society. As Jem gets older he becomes conscious of the fact that this community and these adults who surround him are not always right and this makes him feel lost. Jem is older than Scout and clearly remembers his mother. His sensitive nature makes him more aware of her death and he misses her. When Jem meets Dill he analyses him, like most children and accepts him, Jem knows what it is like losing a parent so when Scout touches on the topic of Dills dad (who left him) Jem tells her to ‘hush’, this confirms his understanding of others. Jem believes that Boo’s form of intimidation by his Father to stay in the house was ‘to chain him to the bed’ and his wild child like imagination of Boo Radley at the beginning is important because as the book progresses and Jem gets older, he realizes that Boo is just a normal human being who might not want to go outside. Boo Radley’s attempt to keep in contact with the outside world is through Jem and Scout. He does this by placing his most prized possessions in a knothole in a tree for the children to find, at first Jem doesn’t know it’s Boo but he graduall y pieces the personal objects and facts together and works it out. When Mr Nathan blocks up the knothole Jem is troubled, and he becomes conscious that the world of adults is not as he thought it would be, Boo’s attempt to stay in contact with the outside world has been diminished and there isn’t much he can do. He feels helpless and he weeps for Boo. During Miss Maudie’s house fire Jem acts like a father figure towards Scout he even uses Atticuss’ phrase ... Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird The theme with the most impact in 'To Kill a Mockingbird" is Prejudice. Prejudice is â€Å"a judgment or opinion formed beforehand or without knowledge or examination of the facts.† Throughout the novel, there were many incidents, but two of them stood out the more than others. These are the teachings of Ms. Gates and her enmity towards the atrocities of Adolf Hitler, while at the same time she hated blacks, and the prejudice of the American court system in the 1930's by saying they stand for justice but not accepting the statement themselves. In Ms Gates' classroom we read about her teaching the class that the Jews are being persecuted against by the Nazi's. According to Ms. Gates this is un-Christian and she finds these actions despicable. The prejudice of this teaching is shown as soon as she mentions the word persecution. â€Å"Yes, she said, Old Adolf Hitler has been persecuting the jews.† Pg.244. This indident shows that she herself is persecuting the black people of Maycomb by not raising an eyebrow to the killing of an innocent black man. It is also very prejudice when she mentions democracy, and the way that she is not at all democratic when it comes to the treatment of African Americans. â€Å"What does DEMOCRACY mean?† â€Å"Equal rights for all, special privileges for none.† â€Å"Very good Jean Louise, very good.† Pg. 245. This lady shows her blindness to the racial problems of the Deep South, where she herself lives, but feels a lot of empathy for the Jews who are being mistrea ted and slaughtered in Germany, many thousands of miles away. The American Courts of the 1930's were also prejudice. Truth and Justice were held as the most basic right for Americans. Truth in the Tom Robinson case was never a factor. The white jury knew that Bob Ewell had beaten his daughter Mayaella Ewell and that Tom was innocent. But because a human being had more color pigment in their skin it was assumed they would be guilty without questi... Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird This story takes place in a small southern town in Alabama called Maycomb. The county was called Maycomb as well. The specific locations that were used in the book the most were the house of the main characters, Finch's landing, the Maycomb court room, and the Radly house. The time period of this book was around 1935. The central character, and the narrator of this book is Jean Louise Finch, also known as Scout. Throughout the course of the book, Scout changed from an immature girl in overalls to a mature, young lady. Many characters affected this change, among those would be her older brother Jeremy Atticus Finch, better known as Jem. Scout looked up to Jem and followed in his footsteps. For example, when Jem and Dill Harris were planning to go to Boo Radly's house to place a note on the window Scout insisted that she tag along. Jem also tried to keep her safe like in the end when he tried to stop Bob Ewell from hurting her, even though it would only redirect the attack to hi! m. Another person who greatly affected Scout was Atticus Finch, her father, he contributed to her change by looking at her more like an adult than a child. Anytime she had a question that a child would not normally get an answer for asking, Atticus would give her a truthful answer. He also set good morals for Scout and Jem. For example, when she asked her uncle a question and he didn't give her a truthful answer Atticus got very upset about it, and later answered it for her. The next character who affected Scout would be her Aunt Alexandre, a person that Scout did not favor much throughout the book. Her Aunt desperately attempted to turn Scout into a young lady. Alexandre always contradicted what Atticus said, and never agreed with his ways of raising children. An example would be when Aunt Alexandre had a party for her friends, and Scout tried to impress the women by being extremely polite. Normally, Scout would be wearing overalls and she would speak her mind ... Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird The theme with the most impact in 'To Kill a Mockingbird" is Prejudice. Prejudice is â€Å"a judgment or opinion formed beforehand or without knowledge or examination of the facts.† Throughout the novel, there were many incidents, but two of them stood out the more than others. These are the teachings of Ms. Gates and her enmity towards the atrocities of Adolf Hitler, while at the same time she hated blacks, and the prejudice of the American court system in the 1930's by saying they stand for justice but not accepting the statement themselves. In Ms Gates' classroom we read about her teaching the class that the Jews are being persecuted against by the Nazi's. According to Ms. Gates this is un-Christian and she finds these actions despicable. The prejudice of this teaching is shown as soon as she mentions the word persecution. â€Å"Yes, she said, Old Adolf Hitler has been persecuting the jews.† Pg.244. This indident shows that she herself is persecuting the black people of Maycomb by not raising an eyebrow to the killing of an innocent black man. It is also very prejudice when she mentions democracy, and the way that she is not at all democratic when it comes to the treatment of African Americans. â€Å"What does DEMOCRACY mean?† â€Å"Equal rights for all, special privileges for none.† â€Å"Very good Jean Louise, very good.† Pg. 245. This lady shows her blindness to the racial problems of the Deep South, where she herself lives, but feels a lot of empathy for the Jews who are being mistrea ted and slaughtered in Germany, many thousands of miles away. The American Courts of the 1930's were also prejudice. Truth and Justice were held as the most basic right for Americans. Truth in the Tom Robinson case was never a factor. The white jury knew that Bob Ewell had beaten his daughter Mayaella Ewell and that Tom was innocent. But because a human being had more color pigment in their skin it was assumed they would be guilty without questi... Free Essays on To KIll A Mockingbird To Kill A Mockingbird: Theme Throughout the book, To Kill A Mockingbird there have been many different themes surrounding the character Scout Finch, but right now I'm going to focus on the thymes of maturing and growing up. I felt that this would be most appropriate because the book revolves around Scout as she grows up as child. It is also based about how the county of Macomb survives during the depression, not only as a county but also as a home to the good people that live there. The story To Kill A Mockingbird, is based on a little girl who is faced with tough choices and excitement everyday. As she grows up in her little quiet town she becomes more knowledgeable and careful about life and things surrounding her with each step that she takes. Scout, the little girl’s name, feels like she is a kid and wants to stay that way for the time being. On the other hand her older brother Jem, wants to grow up as quick as possible and become a real man with real responsibility. Both of the children's immaturity is primarily based on a childhood â€Å"ghost† that lives down the street from them, which they had named â€Å"Boo† Radly. â€Å"Boo† was a crazy child who stabbed his father in the leg with scissors, wiped the blood off and kept working. He also was in the closest thing that Macomb had ever seen to a gang. His father said that he would reprimand â€Å"Boo† for his crimes himself, instead of having the court do it. In doing so he locked â€Å"Boo† in the house and hasn’t let him out in over 15 years. The children are fascinated with â€Å"Boo† and attempt to get a look at their â€Å"ghost†. They also give each other dares like to go up and tough the front porch of the Radly household. I think that this adds to their immaturity because they actually believe in a ghost that haunts their town and only comes out on moonless nights. We all know that ghosts might exist but as a spirit, not as one to reek havoc on there county and eat r... Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird Book Analysis To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926, in the small town of Monroeville, Alabama, as the youngest of Amaza Coleman Lee and Frances Finch Lee’s four children. Harper Lee was enrolled in Huntington College from 1944-1945. Following that she went on to study law at the University of Alabama (1945-1949). In the 1950’s Harper Lee moved to New York and worked as a reservation clerk with Eastern Airlines and BOAC in New York City. While living in New York she gave up her position with the airline and moved to a cheap, worn-down apartment to focus more on her writing. During this time her father was struck with an illness that required her to make frequent trips to visit him in Monroeville. In 1957, Harper Lee submitted the manuscript of a novel consisting of a series of short stories to the J.B. Lippincott Company. The J.B. Lippincott Company refused the novel but urged her to re-write it. It took her two and a half years and the help of her editor, Tay Hohoff, to re-write t he novel and finalize To Kill A Mockingbird. The novel was published in 1960, and remains Harper Lee’s only published book. Harper Lee’s outstanding novel To Kill A Mockingbird won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize for fiction and was transformed into an award winning motion picture in 1962. The story is set in a small Alabama town, similar to the one Harper Lee was raised in, during the 1930s. A six-year-old girl named Jean Louise Finch, but better known as Scout, narrates the story. Having such a young narrator gives the story a certain innocence that wouldn’t be present had an adult told it. In Part I Scout introduces the town of Maycomb; it’s people and their ways. Accompanied by her older brother Jem and intriguing friend Dill, they satisfy the long, drawn out days of summer. In Part II Scout conveys the events relating to a court case where her father, Atticus Finch, is defending a black man who has been fal... Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† ~Harper Lee~ In the book, â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† by Harper Lee growth in the characters is a very important point he tries to get through to the reader. The character that is most involved in growth is Jeremy Finch(Jem). Throughout the book one can see Jem’s growth towards becoming a young man by the trials and tests he goes through in his childhood. Perhaps the greatest moment of his change from child to man was when his friend, Dill, ran away from home and too Jem’s house. When Jem found Dill hiding out under the bed it didn’t take him long to go tell his father he was there. His sister best says states this change when she says, â€Å"Then he rose and broke the remaining code of our childhood.† (P. 143) She said that refering to when Jem went to tell his father of Dill’s presence. Another moment of Jems â€Å"growing up† comes when he and Scout (his sister) are sleeping on the back porch. When the two are lieing there ready to go to sleep Scout is playing with a bug, when she is ready to sleep she goes to do what any other normal kid would do, smash it. Jem had different ideas about that and didn’t want Scout to do is, and being the loveing sister she is she doesn’t. Although she doesn’t kill the bug she still gets in her bit of teasing when she makes fun of Jem by saying, â€Å"Reckon you’re at the stage now where you don’t kill flies and mosquitoes now, I reckon.†(P. 241) A moment of Jem’s growth comes when he is faced with a life and death situation. When he and his sister were walking home in the dark from the Halloween pageant they were attacked by Bob Ewell. They were eventually saved by Mr. Radley (Boo), but what Scout says at the end of the book shows how Jem had not been afraid. She says, â€Å"Jem wasn’t scared. Asked him and he said he wasn’t.† (p. 283) She tells th...